Difterite ed il Vaccino per la Difterite: 
Visionate cio' che si afferma sul vaccino per la difterite (gravi effetti collaterali) utilizzato (con una modifica della tossina = crm197) anche per la cura del cancro dal dott. Buzzi:
http://www.crm197.it/corsera5102008.jpg
 

Pero' quello che le autorita' "sanitarie" NON vogliono dire e' che la Difterite e' frutto di alterazione della flora batterica intestinale = disbiosi = carenze nutrizionali (malnutrizione = mancanza di magnesio + silice organica + alterazione del ciclo dello zolfo) in soggetti con Terreno disordinato ed immunodepressi da vaccinazioni precedenti e/o da mutazioni genetiche ereditate da genitori vaccinati ! il batterio  e' una cosa assolutamente secondaria che si trova solo come conseguenza della malattia, ma non e' la causa !!
I sintomi comprendono mal di gola, febbre e un rigonfiamento dei noduli linfatici del collo. Nel corso della malattia si forma una pellicola spessa sulla superficie delle tonsille e della gola e che può estendersi fino alla trachea e ai polmoni. Questa membrana può interferire con la respirazione e con la deglutizione. Nei casi più gravi potrebbe bloccare completamente le vie respiratorie.
Altre complicanze comprendono l'infiammazione del muscolo cardiaco (miocardite) e la paralisi dei muscoli della gola e degli occhi, oltre che di quelli usati durante le respirazione. Questo può risultare fatale.

La difterite viene comunemente curata (dalla medicina ufficiale) con gli antibiotici. Sono altresì necessari il riposo a letto e un'alimentazione abbondante (tramite fleboclisi o catetere nasale in caso di difficoltà alla deglutizione).
La sua diffusione può quindi essere prontamente controllata seguendo attentamente delle semplici regole igienico-sanitarie.

I casi di difterite sono rari. Nel 1980 ne furono registrati solamente cinque negli Stati Uniti. Un notevole declino della malattia era comunque già in atto molto prima della scoperta del vaccino.
Negli Stati Uniti si registrò tra il 1900 e il 1930 (periodo precedente all'introduzione del vaccino) un calo del 90% dei casi documentati di mortalità da difterite. Alcuni ricercatori attribuiscono questo declino alla maggior consapevolezza alimentare e igienico-sanitaria.

In Germania la vaccinazione antidifterica obbligatoria venne introdotta nel 1939. Dopo di essa i casi di difterite nel Paese salirono vertiginosamente fino a 150.000. Inizialmente la Francia scartò il vaccino dopo essere stata testimone dei disastri causati negli altri Paesi; dopo l'invasione tedesca fu invece costretta a sottoporre all'inoculazione tutta la popolazione: entro il 1943 i casi di difterite erano arrivati a quasi 47.000.
Nello stesso periodo si registrarono soltanto 50 casi nella vicina Norvegia, che aveva respinto la vaccinazione.

In un rapporto ufficiale sulla difterite del 1975, il Bureau of Biologics e la FDA (Food and Drug Administration) arrivarono alla conclusione che la tossina difterica "non è tanto efficace, come agente immunizzante, quanto si credeva".
I ricercatori ammisero che la difterite poteva insorgere anche nei soggetti vaccinati e osservarono che "la durata dell'immunità indotta dalla tossina (...) rimane una faccenda aperta".

Il 50% di tutte le persone che contraggono la difterite erano state gia' vaccinate..... I
n un'epidemia a Chicago nel 1969 il Dipartimento della Sanità rese noto che il 37,5% delle persone colpite erano state sottoposte alla vaccinazione o presentavano l'esistenza accertata di totale immunità alla malattia.
Un rapporto su un'altra epidemia rivelò invece che il 60% del totale dei casi e il 33% dei casi fatali riguardava persone vaccinate.

Difterite: Anche in questo caso vaccinare tutti per una malattia che “non c’è” produce più effetti collaterali che prevenzione. Nei paesi in cui il vaccino viene poco o per niente usato, la malattia non è presente, mentre appare in paesi super vaccinati (come la Russia ) se c’è fame e freddo; inoltre non è sradicabile.

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Il Vaccino per la DIFTERITE e per il TETANO e' costituito dal tossoide tetanico  (Clostridium tetanis) + quella difterica purificate ed adsorbite su idrossido di alluminio; i produttori del vaccino "dicono" che sia stato purificato e inattivato, ma in realta' in certe condizioni febbrili e di disbiosi intestinali importanti, puo' rendersi altamente virulento, proliferare e rendere anche autistico e/o epilettico il soggetto vaccinato; in altri casi puo' indurre anche la morte.
La Difterite cosi' come il Tetano sono quindi malattie. Difterite dicono sia dovuta a un batterio ed il Tetano ad una tossina indotta da un microrganismo che solitamente entra nell'organismo attraverso una ferita ed infetta l'organismo SOLO quando esso e' seriamente debilitato dalle cause sopra descritte. Il tetano causa forti contrazioni muscolari che possono portare anche a morte.
Oggi in Italia si hanno meno di un centinaio di casi di tetano, il 90 % persone anziane.
La vaccinazione contro il tetano, associata a quella contro la difterite, in Italia e' ancora obbligatoria dal 1968.
Dati del Bugiardino del vaccino:

Composizione: Il vaccino è costituito dalle anatossine tetanica e difterica purificate ed adsorbite su idrossido di alluminio.
Tra gli eccipienti sono presenti: sodio etilmercurio-tiosalicilato, idrossido di alluminio, sodio cloruro.
La vaccinazione antidifterica è obbligatoria in Italia dal 1939. Successivamente, dal 1968, è stata resa obbligatoria anche la vaccinazione antitetanica e le due vaccinazioni sono effettuate congiuntamente (DT).
Il vaccino TETANO/DIFTERITE (Td) adulti (anche per bambini di età superiore ai 7 anni) è composto dalle due anatossine difterica e tetanica.

Effetti collaterali:
- Reazioni in sede di iniezione (rossore, gonfiore, indurimento, dolore);
- Raramente febbricola o febbre, di breve durata;
- Reazioni allergiche generalizzate;
- Reazioni tipo-Arthus in caso di ripetuti richiami.
- vanno ricordate le piuttosto comuni reazioni locali con bruciore, eritema,  nodulo e generali, quali febbre e nausea. quelle di tipo immunologico con starnuti, dispnea, orticaria,  prurito,  angioedema,  shock; più tardive sono le reazioni ritardate tipo eruzione vescicolare in sede di iniezione sarebbero riferite piuttosto ad una ipersensibilità al conservante sale di mercurio (thiomerosal).
Le reazioni immunologiche sono più frequenti dopo le iniezioni di richiamo e sono in rapporto con la elevatezza del titolo di antitossina sierica presente in circolo. Altre manifestazioni sono possibili dopo ripetute iniezioni di altri vaccini nell'ambito della stessa vaccinazione esavalente.
- ed altre, vedi qui sotto.

Controindicazioni:
- i soggetti che dopo la prima somministrazione del vaccino DT abbiano manifestato effetti collaterali, non dovranno assumere le successive dosi.
- Reazioni di ipersensibilità sono possibili soprattutto nei soggetti che hanno ricevuto diversi richiami di vaccino antitetanico, così come va tenuto presente il rischio di disturbi neurologici post-vaccinali.
vedi anche: http://www.omeopatia.org/download/confalonieri-D-06-07-tesi.pdf

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Vaccini TDAP secondo linee guida
L'Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) ha disposto le linee guida sulla prevenzione di pertosse, tetano e difterite durante e dopo la gravidanza e nel neonato.
I dati attualmente disponibili non dimostrano a sufficienza la sicurezza dei vaccino (trivalente)  difto-tetanico-pertossico acellulare (TDAP) nelle donne gravide, nel feto o ai fini degli esiti della gravidanza.
Essi inoltre non indicano se gli anticorpi materni transplacentari indotti dal vaccino garantiscano una protezione precoce contro la pertosse nel neonato o interferiscano con la risposta immune del neonato ai vaccini pediatrici somministrati di routine.

Francia - 13/06/08  Les Echos online, Herald Tribune - Sospeso vaccino di Sanofi Pasteur MSD:
Le autorita' sanitarie francesi hanno sospeso, temporaneamente, la distribuzione del vaccino DTPolio (difterite, tetano, polio) in seguito ad un aumento significativo di segnalazioni di reazioni allergiche dall'inizio dell'anno; la Sanofi ha immediatamente ritirato i lotti immessi sul mercato per misura "precauzionale",... cosi hanno detto i dirigenti della Sanofi.
 
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Fears over 'secret' MMR jabs report  -  (By Lorraine Fraser, Medical Correspondent)

The measles vaccine is the focus of renewed controversy after the Department of Health refused to release a report claiming to show it is safe.
A US congressional committee investigating autism and links with vaccines last month asked the author to hand over the full study, including unpublished data, which has been criticised by some medical experts.
London professor Brent Taylor, who was giving evidence on his research, said he would need to discuss this first with the Department of Health, which funded the work. Now Public Health Minister Yvette Coooper has told the Commons it was not 'usual' for 'third parties' to re-analyse such data.
Congressman Dan Burton, who chairs the US committee, is asking Tony Blair to intercede.
The study by Professor Taylor, of the Royal Free and University College Medical School, is quoted by governments to allay parents' worries. It detected a rise in the number of children with autism in North London, but said this began before 1998 when MMR became a routine vaccine.
But the study, published in The Lancet, has been criticised for not making it clear that  older children who were immunised in a catch-up campaign were included, in which case an earlier rise in autism rates might be explained.
Walter Spitzer, professor of epidemiology at McGill University in Montreal, said that the study was 'uninterpretable due to its inferior scientific quality'. Last month the Mail on Sunday reported that Dublin pathologist John O'Leary had found the measles virus in the guts of autistic children suffering from a bowel disorder.

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We often hear reports blaming low vaccination coverage for the outbreak in the USSR. But the below article suggests this is not the case. A snip from the full-text of the below article "However, an estimated 90% of children were fully vaccinated with four or more doses of diphtheria toxoid by the time they entered school."
If I'm not mistaken, 90% would probably be higher than vaccination coverage levels in Australia. And yet we don't have mass outbreaks of Diptheria. Poor Adult vaccination status is also blamed, but adult boosters of diptheria in developed countries are always notoriously low.
Methinks this has more to do with political and social upheaval, poverty, unsanitary conditions etc..
Seb.

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http://www.cdc.gov/epo/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00022128.htm

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1993 Nov 5;42(43):840-1,847                                             
Diphtheria outbreak--Russian Federation, 1990-1993.
Despite high levels of vaccination coverage against diphtheria, an ongoing outbreak of diphtheria
has affected parts of the Russian Federation since 1990; as of August 31, 1993, 12,865 cases had been reported.
This report summarizes epidemiologic information about this outbreak for January 1990-August 1993, and is based on reports from public health officials in the Russian
Federation.
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The Lancet  (Volume 353, Number 9150  30 January 1999)
Risk of diphtheria among schoolchildren in the Russian Federation in relation to time since last vaccination.
Quote:
In 1993, the Russian Federation reported 15229 cases of diphtheria, a 25-fold increase over the 603
cases reported in 1989.1 The incidence rate among children 7-10 years of age (15·7 per 100000)
was twice that of adults aged 18 years or over (7·9 per 100000).4 81% of the affected children
aged 7-10 years had been vaccinated with at least a primary series of diphtheria toxoid, and most
had received the first booster recommended to be given 12 months after completion of the primary
series.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10326290&dopt=Abstract   

Br Med Bull 1998;54(3):635-45
Resurgent diphtheria--are we safe ?
Eskola J, Lumio J, Vuopio-Varkila J National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
Diphtheria, one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the past, seemed nearly eliminated from industrialized countries, thanks to improved hygienic conditions and large scale vaccinations. In 1990, a large epidemic started in Eastern Europe, mainly in Russia and Ukraine, with over 70,000 cases reported within a 5 year period.
The main factors leading to the epidemic included low immunization coverage among infants and children, waning immunity to diphtheria among adults, and profound social changes in the former Soviet Union.
The possibility of new virulence factors in the epidemic strain has not yet  been ruled out. Even though immunity among adults is far from complete in Western Europe, the  epidemic did not spread there. The main reason for this might be the good immune status of  children and lack of social turbulence favouring the spread of infection.
Several countries have also taken preventive measures, which may also have played a role in
protection against the potential epidemic.

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Vaccination Information
PO Box 43, Hull HU1 1AA, UK Tel: 01482 562079
Email: yvonne@vaccinfo.karoo.co.uk Web: http://www.vaccinfo.karoo.net

We had a request for info about the current diphtheria epidemic in old USSR.
I've sent them some overviews from a web search - "diphtheria increasing cost not enough vaccination" type stuff. It seems its probably due to sudden drop in living standards and probably linked to compulsory vaccination by previous regime.
Wondered if you'd heard anything ? best wishes; Paddy

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Here are some extracts from an article by Hilary Butler...
WAVES Vol. 11 No. 2  p.21
Diphtheria by Hilary Butler
Common environmental factors throughout history which have greatly increased the incidence and severity of diphtheria are shown in the following quotes
"There is no doubt that exposure to sewage emanation is a fruitful source of diphtheria...the statistics of the association between the two are very positive." 
(Quain 1894, in Beddow-Bayly, 1939, p.105)
"shows in interesting and conclusive fashion the definitive effect of school buildings, their construction and sanitation, on the spread of diphtheria.  The highest incidence was observed in those schools where sanitation is most deficient and ventilation and lighting the least satisfactory.  The brightest and airiest school showed the lowest incidence, and the incidence throughout all the schools placed them in exact order of sanitary virtue.  Moreover, the incidence indicated the schools where malnutrition in the children is most conspicuous."  (Medical World, 1931, p. 627.)
Even in America, there were those who recognised the lessons of the decrease of diphtheria prior to the use of a vaccine by saying.
"The eradication of diphtheria will not come through the serum treatment of patients, by the immunization of the well, or through the accurate clinical and laboratory diagnosis of the case and the carrier followed by quarantine; rather it will be attained through the mass sanitary protection of the populace subconsciously practised by the people at all times."  (JAMA, 1922, p. 682.)
With regard to diphtheria in New Zealand, it is interesting in the light of the recent Auckland case, to note that during the period 1879 - 85, diphtheria in the Christchurch area was particularly severe.  The majority of cases occurred in areas where there were either no sewers, or where the sewerage systems had grave sanitary defects.  The water supplies were heavily contaminated, and the living conditions were beyond description.  (Maclean, 1964).
Why is the issue of sewage important?  There are many historical instances of sewage being relevant to the spread of disease, but even today very few textbooks mention this.  A few days before the recent Auckland case, storm water had flooded the sewer system, resulting in raw sewage flowing onto the property of the family concerned. 
The Public Health Authority refused to investigate this potential causal factor.  It could well be that the case had nothing to do with the parents' holiday in Bali, and everything to do with the presence of diphtheria from North Shore carriers in the sewage.  Two years ago the Americans discovered that toxicogenic diphtheria has had continual undetected circulation for decades throughout areas in the United States and Canada.  It remained undetected because they never looked for it, assuming it was eradicated. 
The same situation could quite likely exist here. 
The recent Russian epidemic was caused, we were told, by low levels of childhood immunity (WHO, July 1993). 
But the majority of cases were in adults who had gone through a compulsory vaccination system that mandated 5 injections of diphtheria vaccine.  According to the old philosophy, these people should have been immune for life. 
They now realise that immunity to disease requires 2 things: repeat exposure to antigen, and a healthy, stress-free body.
Why do they say the epidemic was caused by inadequate childhood vaccination?  By 1993, the situation was quite different and diphtheria is only now significantly reduced.
"Reported nationwide coverage among children aged 12-23 months increased from 72.6% in 1992 to 79.2% in 1993.  During 1992-1993 at least 90% of children <5 years had received a primary series with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine (DTP), or pediatric (DTY) or adult (Td) formulation diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, and approximately 80%, had received at least one booster."  (MMWR, 1995, pg. 178).

Immunisation in Russia in the communist era was compulsory for children, with contraindications determined by the medical profession, not the parents.  With 'perestroika' and choice, there was the start of anti-vaccine movement, led, ironically, by doctors not laypeople, which contributed to a slight fall in the vaccination levels.  But these levels were still higher than those reported for the USA in 1990 and for Australia in 1995.
In the USA, they are at last admitting that there are several other factors involved in the Russian diphtheria epidemic. 
This is because high level transmission between adults was demonstrated in groups characterized by overcrowding, low hygiene levels, and high contact rates e.g.: the homeless and patients in neuropsychiatric hospitals (Vitek and Wharton). 
One important factor conducive to increased bacterial transmission was the deficient or lacking public health facilities, including routine access to functioning faucets for hand washing. 
The other group looked at was the military, because 1.4% of Russia is armed.  Recruits (who have already had 5 vaccinations - 3 primary doses, a 4th at about 2 yrs, and a 5th at 6 yrs; after 1980 Td was given at 11 yrs of age) were not revaccinated against diphtheria until 1990.  Following outbreaks of diphtheria spread by the military in Kovrov District in 1983 and 1987, investigations in military units in various parts of Russia found carrier rates of toxigenic diptheria of up to 5.0%. 
There is nothing unusual about high rates of disease in military establishments.  Extensive reading of military medical literature reveals some fairly callous reports about the necessity for toughening up recruits so that they have immunity to everything, and in the event of real stress, real war, they are unlikely to succumb.
In reality the majority of diphtheria in Russia has occurred in specific sub-groups.  Refugees or persons displaced by internal conflict, the homeless, alcoholics, the military, and people living hand to mouth attempting to feed children. 
A very high proportion of cases were in women, a factor not well understood by the medical fraternity, but self-evident to those with common sense.  Women (mothers) will feed the rest of the family before themselves.  Interestingly though, one study reports that the death rate has been excessive in only one group - that of alcoholics.  Their death rate was 25.7%, compared with the death rate of "normal" Russians of around 1%, despite the stresses associated with life in Russia.
The myth that vaccination is the primary factor that eliminated diphtheria worldwide is highlighted by the evolving situation in Russia (and other countries) today.  Graphs of diphtheria from any country show what are called "epidemic cycles". 
The latest Russian cycle is the normal duration for cycles seen pre-vaccination era; so to say that vaccination has stopped diphtheria in Russia is highly debatable.  The Lancet (1996) reported that in 1995 the Ukraine had re-vaccinated the entire population and that diphtheria continued unabated.  The vaccine was tested and found to be fine.
Medical literature has always recognised that social and economic dislocation has been the primary friend of diphtheria, along with other diseases.  Literature published before the dissolution of stability in Russia makes that clear:
"A serious dislocation of the economy or society of the United States might well increase the incidence of diphtheria as well as other infectious diseases."  (Biol. and Clinic. Basis of Infect.Dis, 1985, pg. 230).

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The Observer Front page Story index
A father's search for the truth. When his son was diagnosed with autism, David Thrower was astonished to learn that there was no official data available on how common the disease was. So he decided to find out for himself - with extraordinary results. Melanie McFadyean reports
Tuesday March 28, 2000
David Thrower has photos, as any parent does, of his son Oliver as a toddler, a bright little fellow.
Then he produces a photo of Oliver at 15 months and something is wrong: the child's eyes are blank. That was when David and his partner first noticed their boy's decline, one that coincided with a measles vaccination. Then at the age of four Oliver had the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) jab, after which all his skills, says Thrower, "dissolved". He screamed, became destructive, and attacked his parents and other children.
Now aged 12, he has no speech at all, can't feed or dress himself, and is hyperactive. Oliver had become autistic, one of a growing number of children diagnosed with this condition. But Thrower did not invite me to his house in Warrington to talk about immunisation. Although he thinks vaccinations may be one cause of autism, he suspects there are other environmental and genetic factors that could play a part - and he wants to know what they are.
It may be too late for Oliver, but he hopes he can make a difference for other children.
"The point is to find out the truth, to get to the heart of it. There's a terrible reluctance to look into the prevalence and causes of autism, but science isn't advanced by closed minds," he says.
Three years ago, Thrower gave up his job as a transport planner to look after Oliver and be a "house husband" while his partner continued to work full time. Aged 49, he is remarkably fit and energetic for someone whose son's hyperactivity ensures that he rarely gets an uninterrupted night's sleep.
He spends all his spare time researching the causes of autism and its prevalence after discovering, to his amazement, that there was almost no official data.
"Don't make it a sob story," he says genially: he doesn't want this to be a sentimental tale of a broken-hearted man.
Looking at the yards of files in his office, you marvel that he managed to research and write the meticulous 90-page document on the possible causes, treatment and rates of autism that he presented to the health select committee of the House of Commons last summer.
Since the outset of his research, Thrower has been writing to ministers and officials at the Department of Health.
At first they responded at length.
"All propaganda and sales talk," says Thrower. But as his questions became more probing, the replies became more evasive, and now he doesn't get replies at all.
Undeterred, he ploughed on, and earlier this month produced his latest findings, which expose dramatic rises in autism and the shambolic state of data collection in the UK. As psychiatrist Dr Lorna Wing, an expert on autism, made clear in a recent report for the National Autistic Society:
"There is no central recording by the UK government and very few epidemiological studies on which to make informed predictions. The available studies into this population are infrequent, expensive and problematic."
Thrower, alone in his study, in his own time and at his own expense, has made a start. Last year, he wrote to 161 organisations - every health authority in this country and a number of other bodies - asking them whether they collected data on rates for autism spectrum disorders (ASD - the technical
term for wide-ranging autistic diagnosis) and what the data showed. 
Just over half replied. Thrower doesn't pretend that his monitoring was perfect. It was a trawl providing "interesting" snapshots. "Interesting" is his word: many people would say alarming.
Of the half who replied, only 17% had any detailed data at all, 38% had very limited data or were just beginning to think about setting up monitoring systems and the remaining 45% had no data whatsoever and no plans to gather it.
Thrower's research reveals that rates in some districts are far higher than the already high national prevalence rate of one in 100. In East Surrey, for example, where an audit was taken of all three-year-olds in a health trust district, autism amongst three year old boys was running at 1 in 69.
Several authorities were uncertain as to whether the climb in reported cases of ASD was due to better diagnosis or greater prevalence, but a significant number believed it to be the latter. Thrower's analysis of statistics from Bromley Autistic Trust shows that in the 80s they had a 120% rise, with latest figures - for the early 90s - showing that rise continuing.
In the Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS trust there was an average annual increase of 37% of children under five during 1991-6. In Shropshire, the health authority figures show that while numbers are small they are rising, from 1-2 new cases per year in 1991 to 4-5 in 1999.
In North Staffordshire, the health trust does has not have exact data but "has noted a bulge of younger cases in a local school", and in South Staffordshire the "special school for autistic children has had to expand provision and is still bursting at the seams".
Of the health authorities that have made the effort to collate information on autism rates, there is a huge variation in the effort made: West Surrey concluded that autism was very rare on the basis of a week-long survey in 1998; while Ealing Hammersmith and Hounslow uses data from hospital admissions.
Wakefield metropolitan district council's education department had done its own research. It found that until 1992 there were only four or five autistic children within its boundaries, but that "we now have 111 children diagnosed.
Local diagnosis is rising, particularly among younger children." The department adds that of the local education authorities questioned for the report, 31 say numbers amongst pre-school children are "rising rapidly".
Yet according to Lorna Wing, "although substantially more children are now being diagnosed as having an autistic disorder, there are still far too many who are missed".
Thrower isn't seen as a lone nutter: far from it. The NAS says: "The disparities between neighbouring authorities revealed in Mr Thrower's findings highlight the critical need for a central initiative to establish reliable prevalence rates, and service needs."
This seems to be a restrained way of saying: "What has Thrower stumbled on here ?"
Something is beginning to give. Three weeks ago there was the first meeting of the new all-party parliamentary group on autism, chaired by Thanet South MP Stephen Ladyman, who says it was Thrower and other parents who kick-started this new committee. When first alerted to the issues, Ladyman discovered that not only was there no government data on autism, but, "The government didn't know it didn't know."
Oliver Thrower's problems are tragic and insoluble, and his father worries about what will happen when he and his partner are no longer around. "It's a massive problem for everyone: for parents, for the children and for the caring services in decades to come. If the professionals don't work out what the rates are and what is causing autism, if rates continue to rise, the financial burden will be unimaginable - it could amount to billions."
Thrower's persistence may yet be rewarded. At the first meeting of the new group, the health minister John Hutton admitted that basic data is "conspicuously lacking", adding that the Department of Health might have to go back and look at the issue again. It's a small victory for the man in Warrington who wouldn't give up.
Further information: National Autistic Society, 020-7833 2299.
Parent's organisations: JABS, 01942 713565; Allergy Induced Autism (AIA), 0121-444 6450 or 01733 321771

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Dear Scott and Kylie,
You need to e-mail this to Larry Anthony to show him how difficult it is for parents.
Regards,Verona
When I received my letter from Centrelink asking me to prove my child's vaccination, I phoned the Centrelink helpline to ask where I could obtain an objectors form. I was told I could get one from my doctor or from the local Centrelink office. I phoned the doctor, they do not have any. I went to
the Centrelink office, they do not keep any either. I went to Medicare, had to queue and ask for one, and the assistant had to go "out the back" to find one, returning after five minutes with a form and asking me "is that it ?"
I don't think she had seen one before ! Luckily my doctor is aware of my views, and as we have discussed this many times before, I had no problems getting it signed.

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Fears over 'secret' MMR jabs report By Lorraine Fraser, Medical Correspondent
The measles vaccine is the focus of renewed controversy after the Department of Health refused to release a report claiming to show it is safe.
A US congressional committee investigating autism and links with vaccines last month asked the author to hand over the full study, including unpublished data, which has been criticised by some medical experts.
London professor Brent Taylor, who was giving evidence on his research, said he would need to discuss this first with the Department of Health, which funded the work. Now Public Health Minister Yvette Coooper has told the Commons it was not 'usual' for 'third parties' to re-analyse such data. Congressman Dan Burton, who chairs the US committee, is asking Tony Blair to intercede.
The study by Professor Taylor, of the Royal Free and University College Medical School, is quoted by governments to allay parents' worries. It detected a rise in the number of chgildren with autism in North London, but said this began before 1998 when MMR became a routine vaccine. But the
study, published in The Lancet, has been criticised for not making it clear that older children who were immunised in a catch-up campaign were included, in which case an earlier rise in autism rates might be explained.
Walter Spitzer, professor of epidemiology at McGill University in Montreal, said that the study was 'uninterpretable due to its inferior scientific quality'. Last month the Mail on Sunday reported that Dublin pathologist John O'Leary had found the measles virus in the guts of autistic children suffering from a bowel disorder.

To: 
via@access1.net
NJAICV@aol.com
edmary@fastdial.net
young_doug@email.msn.com
NJCAN@aol.com
zahorodn@umdnj.edu
SPCAPV@onelist.com
autism@maelstrom.stjohns.edu
meryl@avn.org.au
werpave@yahoo.com
l.ruede@tcu.edu
moisuk1@airmail.net
pep@intersurf.com
rdmurray@istar.ca
moira@inow.com
endautism@aol.com
beedle@aol.com

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We had a request for info about the current diphtheria epidemic in old USSR.
I've sent them some overviews from a web search - "diphtheria increasing cos not enough vaccination" type stuff. It seems its probably due to sudden drop in living standards and probably linked to compulsory vaccination by previous regime. Wondered if you'd heard anything ?
best wishes, Paddy. In case this helps, I recently finished reading "The Coming Plague", by Laurie Garrett, and recalled something about diptheria in Russia. In my book, pages 504-505, it says:
Perhaps the most striking example of Russian Thirdworldisation was the 1993 outbreaks of diptheria in St Petersburg and Moscow.
A hallmark of the old Soviet Union had been its tremendous success in universal vaccination and resultant declines in the incidence of former scourges such as measles, whooping cough, polio, and diptheria. By 1976 the numbers of diptheria cases diagnosed in the USSR approaced zero. But in 1990 dipteria reemerged in Russia, with 1,211 cases reported from St. Petersburg, Kaliningrad, Orlovskaya, and Moscow. The epidemic took off, with reported cases and geographic spread increasing steadily well into 1994. In 1991 nearly 1,900 diptheria cases and 80 deaths were reported in Russia. 
Though the bacterial disease could be treated with antibiotics, deaths occurred due to the sorry state of the nation's health care systems. During the summer of 1993, when nearly 1000 cases were reported in a single month in Moscow and St. Petersburg, the British government issued travel advisories recommending that it citizens be revaccinated prior to travelling in the former USSR. 
And the numbers kept rising: between January and August 1993, nearly 6,000 Russians came down with diptheria, 106 died.
There have been massive waves of migration from outlying rural and rustbelt areas of Russia into Moscow, St. Petersburg, and, to a lesser degree, Kaliningrad and Orlovskaya.
Most of the migrants were economic refugees, hoping to find work in the country's largest cities. But, they soon discovered quite the opposite, according to Russian authorities, and many thousands ended up living inside public transport stations- train depots, airports- in squalid conditions. Over 40 percent of the diptheria cases occurred among these homeless.
Diptheria had been virtually eradicated from the United States because of strict rules about pre-school vaccination of children with the so-called DTP shots. But DTP shots had also been meticulously administered in Russia since the early 1960's. Nearly every new diptheria case in the country had involved individuals who were previously vaccinated.
Officials concluded that the vaccine didn't, as previously thought, work for a lifetime. It might offer less than 5 years' protection against the disease. The reason, they said, was not a failure of the vaccine, but its success.
It seemed that 30 years of worldwide vaccination had drastically reduced the numbers of diptheria microbes in the world, and most people lived their lives never being naturally being exposed to the bacteria. Natural exposure in the 1960's, however, acted like booster shots, constantly rejuvenating lagging immunity: that explained why health officials had then mistakenly concluded that the vaccine provided lifetime protection. But by the 1980's most people's immune systems never saw diptheria, and the natural booster effect didn't take place.
In response to global concern that the Russian epidemic might spread to other parts of the former Soviet Union, the Baltic States, or Scandinavia, the Russian Ministry of Health announced in 1993 a five-year plan to revaccinate up to 90 percent of all the nation'a citizens. Some UN Officials privately questioned whether the Russians were responding with the proper amount of urgency and haste: a handful of diptheria cases were reported during the summer of 1993 in Finland and the Baltic States. 
Still other skeptics questioned the wisdom of a mass adult vaccination campaign in Russia, given the country's acute shortage of syringes.
Considering the lesson of Elista, they asked, might such an effort only hasten emergence of blood-borne microbes, such as hepatitis B and HIV ?
I think "Elista" might refer to a case when well-meaning missionaries ran a very underfunded slip of a hospital in a desperately poor community, maybe in Africa somewhere, and by recycling syringes, they infected many people, including children with a deadly disease, (perhaps AIDS).
I was totally incredulous when I read the above. Now,I see it as a piece of tragic comedy. It seems the diseases themselves are the reason vaccines work so well. Standard of living has nothing to do with it. Maybe they should deliberately spread diptheria every five years to make sure everyone who is vaccinated remains immune to it. With any luck, they will also wipe out the stubborn non-vaccinators.
I have a healthy, beautiful and totally unvaccinated toddler. She had rubella about a year ago, and didn't seem to feel it.
She had a temperature and a rash, and was a bit clingy, otherwise she ate, slept and played like normal.
But the doctor concluded that she didn't have a serious enough case to get proper immunity, cleverly implying two things: that rubella is a lot more dangerous than this looks, and that it is definitely still worth getting her vaccinated. Of course.
Can someone tell me how she could possiby know how much immunity my dughter gained from her attack, just by looking at her for five minutes ? Isn't it possible that by not compromising her immune system with vaccines, that she was more easily able to fight off the rubella ? And isn't rubella supposed to be a mild disease anyway ?
Marina

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Diphtheria - by Hilary Butler
Common environmental factors throughout history which have greatly increased the incidence and severity of diphtheria are shown in the following quotes:
"There is no doubt that exposure to sewage emanation is a fruitful source of diphtheria...the statistics of the association between the two are very positive."  (Quain 1894, in Beddow-Bayly, 1939, p.105).
".shows in interesting and conclusive fashion the definitive effect of school buildings, their construction and sanitation, on the spread of diphtheria.  The highest incidence was observed in those schools where sanitation is most deficient and ventilation and lighting the least satisfactory.  The brightest and airiest school showed the lowest incidence, and the incidence throughout all the schools placed them in exact order of sanitary virtue.  Moreover, the incidence indicated the schools where malnutrition in the children is most conspicuous."  (Medical World, 1931, p. 627.)
Even in America, there were those who recognised the lessons of the decrease of diphtheria prior to the use of a vaccine by saying:
"The eradication of diphtheria will not come through the serum treatment of patients, by the immunization of the well, or through the accurate clinical and laboratory diagnosis of the case and the carrier followed by quarantine; rather it will be attained through the mass sanitary protection of the populace subconsciously practised by the people at all times." 
(JAMA, 1922, p. 682.)
With regard to diphtheria in New Zealand, it is interesting in the light of the recent Auckland case, to note that during the period 1879 - 85, diphtheria in the Christchurch area was particularly severe.  The majority of cases occurred in areas where there were either no sewers, or where the sewerage systems had grave sanitary defects. 
The water supplies were heavily contaminated, and the living conditions were beyond description.  (Maclean, 1964).
Why is the issue of sewage important?  There are many historical instances of sewage being relevant to the spread of disease, but even today very few textbooks mention this.  A few days before the recent Auckland case, storm water had flooded the sewer system, resulting in raw sewage flowing onto the property of the family concerned. 
The Public Health Authority refused to investigate this potential causal factor.  It could well be that the case had nothing to do with the parents' holiday in Bali, and everything to do with the presence of diphtheria from North Shore carriers in the sewage.  Two years ago the Americans discovered that toxicogenic diphtheria has had continual undetected circulation for decades throughout areas in the United States and Canada.  It remained undetected because they never looked for it, assuming it was eradicated. 
The same situation could quite likely exist here. 
The recent Russian epidemic was caused, we were told, by low levels of childhood immunity (WHO, July 1993). 
But the majority of cases were in adults who had gone through a compulsory vaccination system that mandated 5 injections of diphtheria vaccine.  According to the old philosophy, these people should have been immune for life.  They now realise that immunity to disease requires 2 things: repeat exposure to antigen, and a healthy, stress-free body.
Why do they say the epidemic was caused by inadequate childhood vaccination?  By 1993, the situation was quite different and diphtheria is only now significantly reduced.
"Reported nationwide coverage among children aged 12-23 months increased from 72.6% in 1992 to 79.2% in 1993. 
During 1992-1993 at least 90% of children <5 years had received a primary series with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine (DTP), or pediatric (DTY) or adult (Td) formulation diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, and approximately 80%, had received at least one booster."  (MMWR, 1995, pg. 178).
Immunisation in Russia in the communist era was compulsory for children, with contraindications determined by the medical profession, not the parents.  With 'perestroika' and choice, there was the start of anti-vaccine movement, led, ironically, by doctors not laypeople, which contributed to a slight fall in the vaccination levels.  But these levels were still higher than those reported for the USA in 1990 and for Australia in 1995.
In the USA, they are at last admitting that there are several other factors involved in the Russian diphtheria epidemic. 
This is because high level transmission between adults was demonstrated in groups characterized by overcrowding, low hygiene levels, and high contact rates e.g.: the homeless and patients in neuropsychiatric hospitals (Vitek and Wharton). 
One important factor conducive to increased bacterial transmission was the deficient or lacking public health facilities, including routine access to functioning faucets for hand washing. 
The other group looked at was the military, because 1.4% of Russia is armed.  Recruits (who have already had 5 vaccinations - 3 primary doses, a 4th at about 2 yrs, and a 5th at 6 yrs; after 1980 Td was given at 11 yrs of age) were not revaccinated against diphtheria until 1990.  Following outbreaks of diphtheria spread by the military in Kovrov District in 1983 and 1987, investigations in military units in various parts of Russia found carrier rates of toxigenic diptheria of up to 5.0%. 
There is nothing unusual about high rates of disease in military establishments.  Extensive reading of military medical literature reveals some fairly callous reports about the necessity for toughening up recruits so that they have immunity to everything, and in the event of real stress, real war, they are unlikely to succumb.
In reality the majority of diphtheria in Russia has occurred in specific sub-groups.  Refugees or persons displaced by internal conflict, the homeless, alcoholics, the military, and people living hand to mouth attempting to feed children. 
A very high proportion of cases were in women, a factor not well understood by the medical fraternity, but self-evident to those with common sense.  Women (mothers) will feed the rest of the family before themselves.  Interestingly though, one study reports that the death rate has been excessive in only one group - that of alcoholics.  Their death rate was 25.7%, compared with the death rate of "normal" Russians of around 1%, despite the stresses associated with life in Russia.
The myth that vaccination is the primary factor that eliminated diphtheria worldwide is highlighted by the evolving situation in Russia (and other countries) today.  Graphs of diphtheria from any country show what are called "epidemic cycles". 
The latest Russian cycle is the normal duration for cycles seen pre-vaccination era; so to say that vaccination has stopped diphtheria in Russia is highly debatable.  The Lancet (1996) reported that in 1995 the Ukraine had re-vaccinated the entire population and that diphtheria continued unabated.  The vaccine was tested and found to be fine.
Medical literature has always recognised that social and economic dislocation has been the primary friend of diphtheria, along with other diseases.  Literature published before the dissolution of stability in Russia makes that clear:]
"A serious dislocation of the economy or society of the United States might well increase the incidence of diphtheria as well as other infectious diseases."  (Biol. and Clinic. Basis of Infect.Dis, 1985, pg. 230).  

DECLINE OF DIPHTHERIA IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES:
The most recent textbook states:
"The dramatically changing incidence of diphtheria during the past decades in developed countries is at least partially the result of widespread childhood immunization although a full explanation is not clear." (Pathology 1997 p. 534)
It is my opinion that the decline of diphtheria in developed countries (including New Zealand) is directly correlated to poverty, social conditions, nutrition, sanitation etc.
Those who know the nutritional history of Europe and Great Britain will recall the many campaigns against such things as rickets.  In 1933, 30+ of children who attended one English well-to-do toddlers' clinic were definitely rachitic (Lancet, May 18, 1933, pg. 1189.).  The Lancet also reported on February 2nd of that year, that rickets could be detected in not less than 50+ of those who attended infant welfare centres countrywide.  And this was supposedly an improvement!  Diphtheria and other diseases rose and fell in direct relation to housing, nutritional improvement and wartime conditions, a factor taken into little account by those who consider vaccination to be the only relevant sacrament.  The return of conditions of social dislocation and poverty will see an increase in all diseases which, under times of duress, have no respect for the vaccination status of anyone.
Four separate studies done in 1934, 1935, and 1937, found that Vitamin C had the power to neutralise, inactivate and render harmless diphtheria toxins.
In 1934, the unusual resistance of the mouse to diphtheria infections was attributed to its ability to synthesize rapidly its own ascorbic acid, while the guinea pig's ready susceptibility to the disease (like man's) was attributed to its inability to replenish its store of ascorbic acid.  Not one of these revelations was even considered by the medical hierarchy, even though yet another study in the Lancet (1937) reported that:
"Infected patients appear to be in a condition of relative "unsaturation" with respect to the vitamin." And that ".diphtheria toxin, which, as is well known, causes extensive injury to the supra-renal glands, at the same time brings about a diminution in their vitamin C content.  Apart from these investigations, little methodical work on the influence of toxins on the vitamin-C content of the body tissues seems to have been hitherto attempted."
However, they did note that ".the infections cause the disappearance of a considerable proportion of Vitamin C reserves, whether they were high or low, and not merely of a fixed arithmetical difference".  No consideration was given to the therapeutical benefits of replacing Vitamin C, or using it as the known antitoxin it had already proved to be.  It appears that at this point, the medical hierarchy put a stop to any further related research.
Following this work, there were huge numbers of studies done on Vitamin C, with all of them using Vitamin C only in the context of a Vitamin, rather than therapeutically as an "antibiotic".  Trials of megadoses were discouraged, especially when funded by pharmaceutical companies who could neither patent, nor make money out of it.  However, many doctors used vitamin C for treating all toxin-mediated diseases, as per the original research, with very successful results that they could only report in the lay press.  Except for one of the most outspoken ones, Dr Fred Klenner. 
Dr Klenner got much of his research and case studies published in the Tri-State Medical Journal in U.S.A (and a few others).  Having read all the information available on the action and use of Vitamin C, I have no doubt whatsoever that Vitamin C could treat diphtheria far more successfully than antitoxin, and without the huge risks that come with a foreign product made in horses. 
I also believe it would allow the development of naturally induced immunity.
Dr Klenner (1957) made one of the most telling comments when recounting his successes with Vitamin C:
"But then there are some physicians who would stand by and see their patient die rather than use ascorbic acid - because in their finite minds it exists only as a vitamin."

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 We often hear reports blaming low vaccination coverage for the outbreak in the USSR. But the below article suggests this is not the case.A snip from the full-text of the below article "However, an estimated 90% of children were fully vaccinated with four or more doses of diphtheria toxoid by the time they entered school."
If I'm not mistaken, 90% would probably be higher than vaccination coverage levels in Australia. And yet we don't have mass outbreaks of Diptheria. Poor Adult vaccination status is also blamed, but adult boosters of diptheria in developed countries are always notoriously low.
Methinks this has more to do with political and social upheaval, poverty, unsanitary conditions etc..
Seb.

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http://www.cdc.gov/epo/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00022128.htm
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1993 Nov 5;42(43):840-1,847        
Diphtheria outbreak--Russian Federation, 1990-1993.
Despite high levels of vaccination coverage against diphtheria, an ongoing outbreak of diphtheria
has affected parts of the Russian Federation since 1990; as of August 31, 1993, 12,865 cases had been reported.
This report summarizes epidemiologic information about this outbreak for
January 1990-August 1993, and is based on reports from public health officials in the Russian Federation.

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The Lancet 
Volume 353, Number 9150  30 January 1999
Risk of diphtheria among schoolchildren in the Russian Federation in relation to time since last vaccination
Quote:
In 1993, the Russian Federation reported 15229 cases of diphtheria, a 25-fold increase over the 603 cases reported in 1989.1 The incidence rate among children 7-10 years of age (15·7 per 100000) was twice that of adults aged 18 years or over (7·9 per 100000).4 81% of the affected children aged 7-10 years had been vaccinated with at least a primary series of diphtheria toxoid, and most had received the first booster recommended to be given 12 months after completion of the primary series.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10326290&dopt=Abstract 

Br Med Bull 1998;54(3):635-45
Resurgent diphtheria--are we safe ?
Eskola J, Lumio J, Vuopio-Varkila J National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
Diphtheria, one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the past,  seemed nearly eliminated from industrialized countries, thanks to improved hygienic conditions and large scale vaccinations. In 1990, a large epidemic started in  Eastern Europe, mainly in Russia and Ukraine, with over 70,000 cases reported within a 5 year  period. The main factors leading to the epidemic included low immunization coverage among infants and children, waning immunity to diphtheria among adults, and profound social changes in the  former Soviet Union.
The possibility of new virulence factors in the epidemic strain has not yet  been ruled out. Even though immunity among adults is far from complete in Western Europe, the  epidemic did not spread there. The main reason for this might be the good immune status of  children and lack of social turbulence favouring the spread of infection.
Several countries have also taken preventive measures, which may also have played a role in protection against the potential epidemic.

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Hello and welcome to the Australian Vaccination Network list.!
The AVN discussion list is a place where we can all meet to talk  about our views and concerns about the process of vaccinations - both childhood and adult.
In a society which values political correctness, saying that one  has fears  about either the safety or effectiveness of vaccination is akin  to admitting that you are mad or worse.
The AVN list is a safe haven where we are all welcome to bring our views. The one proviso is that we show each other respect.  To  paraphrase Voltaire,
I may not agree with what you have to say, but I will fight to  the death for your right to say it.
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Please bring your questions, your information, your concerns and your humour to this list. 
We are all friends here and we all want the same thing, the best possible ways to keep our families healthy.
I hope to see you all on the list soon.
Yours in health, Meryl Dorey
AVN@egroups.com -  AVN List Manager pienaar@omen.net.au
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